6.3. Operations on StringsΒΆ
In general, you cannot perform mathematical operations on strings, even if the
strings look like numbers. The following are illegal (assuming that message
has type string):
message - 1
"Hello" / 123
message * "Hello"
"15" + 2
Interestingly, the +
operator does work with strings, but for strings, the
+
operator represents concatenation, not addition. Concatenation means
joining the two operands by linking them end-to-end. For example:
The output of this program is banana nut bread
. The space before the word
nut
is part of the string and is necessary to produce the space between
the concatenated strings. Take out the space and run it again.
The *
operator also works on strings. It performs repetition. For example,
'Fun'*3
is 'FunFunFun'
. One of the operands has to be a string and the
other has to be an integer.
This interpretation of +
and *
makes sense by analogy with
addition and multiplication. Just as 4*3
is equivalent to 4+4+4
, we
expect "Go"*3
to be the same as "Go"+"Go"+"Go"
, and it is. Note also in the last
example that the order of operations for *
and +
is the same as it was for arithmetic.
The repetition is done before the concatenation. If you want to cause the concatenation to be
done first, you will need to use parenthesis.
Check your understanding
- python rocks
- Concatenation does not automatically add a space.
- python
- The expression s+t is evaluated first, then the resulting string is printed.
- pythonrocks
- Yes, the two strings are glued end to end.
- Error, you cannot add two strings together.
- The + operator has different meanings depending on the operands, in this case, two strings.
strings-3-1: What is printed by the following statements?
s = "python"
t = "rocks"
print(s + t)
- python!!!
- Yes, repetition has precedence over concatenation
- python!python!python!
- Repetition is done first.
- pythonpythonpython!
- The repetition operator is working on the excl variable.
- Error, you cannot perform concatenation and repetition at the same time.
- The + and * operator are defined for strings as well as numbers.
strings-3-2: What is printed by the following statements?
s = "python"
excl = "!"
print(s+excl*3)